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Tariffs: a history of American protectionism

President Trump’s approach to tariffs fits within a longer history of American protectionism, writes economist Duncan Weldon, but was that approach ever successful?

With a self-proclaimed ‘tariff man’ back in the White House US trade policy has rarely been out of the news over the past three months. Donald Trump’s 25% tariffs on car and steel imports his 10% baseline tariff on most imports the sky-high rates now applied to China and the delayed but still technically on the table ‘reciprocal tariffs’ due to come into effect this summer all represent a major break with recent US attitudes to trade and openness. But all also fit within a longer history of American protectionism.

The Tariff Act of 1789 which placed a 5% import duty on most American imports was the second Act signed into law by George Washington a president who once noted that...

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