The National Audit (NAO) office report on HMRC’s investigation work shows that the department has responded to increased targets by netting an extra £8.5 million in 2009/10, although the NAO still thinks that under-reports the true effect. HMRC is operating under greatly increased targets this year. The report reveals some problems with monitoring and resourcing this important element of HMRC’s work. Recent statistics show a historically low level of criminal prosecution for direct tax fraud. There are increasing signs of HMRC wanting to bring complex disputes to collaboratively agreed resolutions.